Emerging Science and Technologies

Emerging Science and Technologies

Tegmark, Max. Life 3.0 being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligent. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2017.

Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. New York: basic books, 2015.

Frickel, Scott and Kelly Moore, eds. The New Political Sociology of Science Institutions, Networks, and Power. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1930.

Bostrom, Nick. SUPERINTELLIGENCE Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford university Press, 2014.

Lanier, Jaron. You are not a gadgets: A manifesto. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.

1. An introduction to nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Synthetic Life, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience.

Nanotechnology:

nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our own bodies. But something as small as an atom is impossible to see with the naked eye. Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.

Biotechnology:

Biotechnology is technology based on biology - biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products.

Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes.

Currently, there are more than 250 biotechnology health care products and vaccines available to patients, many for previously untreatable diseases. More than 13.3 million farmers around the world use agricultural biotechnology to increase yields, prevent damage from insects and pests and reduce farming's impact on the environment.

Biotechnology are broadly designed to heal the world, to feed the world and to fuel the world.

Synthetic Life:

Synthetic Life/ biology is the attempt to reengineer living organisms as if they were machines for us to tinker with, or even to build them from scratch from the component parts—stems from a decidedly modern construct, a “reverence for life.” In the past, fears about this kind of technological hubris were reserved mostly for proposals to make humans by artificial means—or as the Greeks would have said, by techne.

The first identifiable use of the term "synthetic biology" was Stéphane Leduc a French biologist who sought to contribute to understanding of the chemical and physical mechanisms of life. Craig Venter once said “Life is basically the result of an information process, a software process. Our genetic code is our software, and our cells are dynamically, constantly reading our genetic code.”

Robotics:

Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, computer science, and others. Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. In 1948, Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical robotics.

There are many types of robots; they are used in many different environments and for many different purposes depending upon the potential application and its demand.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. It has become an essential part of the technology industry. Research associated with artificial intelligence is highly technical and specialized. The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for certain traits such as: Knowledge, Reasoning, Problem solving, Perception, Learning, Planning.

Ability to manipulate and move objects Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include: Speech recognition, Learning, Planning, Problem solving.

Neuroscience:

Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary science that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the nervous system. It encompasses the evolution, development, cellular and molecular biology, physiology, anatomy and pharmacology of the nervous system, as well as computational, behavioural and cognitive neuroscience. Neuroscience is a new and important field with implications for every aspect of how people move, think, and behave. It also contributes to a better understanding of a wide range of common conditions. A greater understanding of neurological factors can help in developing medications and other strategies to treat and prevent these and many other health issues.

2. Deterministic Chaos

Deterministic chaos, often just called "chaos", refers in the world of dynamics to the generation of random, unpredictable behavior from a simple, but nonlinear rule. The rule has no "noise", randomness, or probabilities built in. Instead, through the rule's repeated application the long-term behavior becomes quite complicated. In this sense, the unpredictability "emerges" over time.

"Deterministic Chaos," suggests a paradox because it connects two notions that are familiar and commonly regarded as incompatible. The first is that of randomness or unpredictability, as in the trajectory of a molecule in a gas or in the voting choice of a particular individual from out of a population. In conventional analyses, randomness was considered more apparent than real, arising from ignorance of the many causes at work. In other words, it was commonly believed that the world is unpredictable because it is complicated. The second notion is that of deterministic motion, as that of a pendulum or a planet, which has been accepted since the time of Isaac Newton as exemplifying the success of science in rendering predictable that which is initially complex.

3. Exploration of its implication for human welfare and creation care-ethical Issues.

The Contributions of Science and technology is massive and indispensable to humanity. The ultimate goal of new inventions, innovative science discoveries and Technological innovation is the propelling force of the world. We live in an age in which the power of science becomes evident every day. A better quality of life, the advancements in medicine and public health have doubtlessly contributed to an increase in the life expectancy. Human beings have a natural instinct to gain more comfort in their life. They want easiest way for recovery from diseases. They want to travel maximum distance in minimum period. They want to communicate with each other without making barriers by long distance. They want good food, clothes, shelter and all other things which make life luxurious. Science and technological developments are helping human population with many ways. The fast change in equipment certainly advances the human life

The exploration of our genetic patrimony could be the solution in the near future for the most different public health problems. Explore means to map the genetic resources, study them, know their properties and applications and use them in a scientific, rational and equilibrated way. First, however, we have to create conditions for a better utilization of this relative advantage - our mega-biodiversity - establishing a policy for regulating the access to and the use of these resources.

Research on the genome of plants, microorganisms and animals, use of fungi with therapeutic action, recombinant DNA technology, improvement of ex situ conservation techniques for biological material, cloning of plants and animals. There is a great number of possibilities for a commercial exploration not only of our biodiversity but also of the knowledge of the indigenous populations about use and preservation of species. Only this way, abuse resulting in destruction of the tropical forests can be avoided. It is absolutely necessary to amplify the debates involving all interested sectors: the academic world, private enterprise, the government, scientific societies, non-governmental organisms, politicians, the media and society at large.

Applied science seems to be the hit, but we must not forget the fundamental role of basic research. Today, any policy restraining basic research seems to me as irresponsible as the repression of basic research at the times of Galileo, little before the Newtonian revolution. To invest in basic research means to invest in new ideas, new solutions, and new knowledge and in the continuity of science itself.

It is also necessary to strengthen and amplify the technological development. Using, nanotechnology our ways of life, our materials at the nano-scale enhance with higher strength and in larger scale. Biotechnology boost our lives and health. Synthetic life reengineers the living organisms and bring better understanding of the chemical and physical mechanism of life. Robotics eases in processing many works, applications in different arena of human welfare. Artificial Intelligent (AI) are highly technical and specialized which can be used in speech recognition, learning, planning, problem solving and many more. Neuroscience soothes the nervous system and help in medication and other strategies of health issues.

God has given human beings the caliber, capacities, potential and a dynamic intelligent to harnessed all these innovative exploration. We should never implied to rule out God or for playing with the Creator or deviates from his intentions. We should utilize it to expand the memory given to us in a harmonize ways with the creation with due care. All these innovations should not destroy or exploit the creation rather it should enhance and foster the handiworks of the creator.