Golgotha-a Tuolthatna Râpthlak

Pastor Johny Laldinthar F Tusing,

Published In KRISTIEN MEGAZINE | Vol. LXIX No.03, Thlatun (April) 2026 Issue.

Thuhawngna

Tuolthat ei ti hi ‘mihriem hringna lâk’ ‘nunrâwng taka mi sukhlum’ tina a nih. Sapṭawngin ‘murder’ ti nisienlakhawm ‘felony’ ti dâm, ‘homicide’ ti khawmin US-a hai chun hriet tlânglâwn a nih. Khawvêla tuolthatna rapthlâk tak tak, a lo tlung ta hlaka amiruokchu Golgotha-a tuolthatna ang hrim hrim hi a la tlung ngai nawh.  Romhaiin Isu Krista an hrem dân, an deusâw dân le an sawisak dân hrim hi ‘Tuolthatna râpthlak a ni dân’ ei pholang tum chu a nih.

     1.     Romhai in ‘thina khawp’ Inhremna an thaw dân

Rom sawrkar in thi dinga a rêlhai chu- lu tan (decapitation), a hringa rawhlum, sahrâng/sakawl (wild beast) sawisak dâm, lung lien ‘Tarpeian Rock’ indeltir dâm, savun puon-a khitdea Tiber vadunga thlâk dâm, hi hi ‘the sack’ an tih, mania inthatluitir (enforced suicide), hemde (inkhengbet)-Crucifixion hai hi an nih. Hi hai laia hremna rapthlâk taka an ngai chu ‘hemde’ hi a nih, Rom hai chun ‘summum supplicium’ (extreme penalty) an ti a nih. Mi an hremhai hrim hrim chu, an suksuolna (crime) phutâwk ang chau ni lovin, a suksuoltu (criminal) ta dinga hrem awm hrim, tuor awm hrim suklang le pholang a ni hlak.

Inhemdena (crucifixion) hi Roman hremnaa chun a nunrâwng thlâk taka, a rinum tak bâka, a na tak (most excruciating pain) bawk a nih.  Inhemde hi Assuria mihai, Scythia mihai, Carthage mihai, Persia le Greek mihai khawmin inhremna tawpkhâwka an lo nei a nih. Rom sawrkar lem chun hremna turu taka a nei hrim a nih. Hi inhremnaa a tuortuhaiin (victims) sâwttak an tuora, vântlang hmu theia, a na thei ang taka insukmuolphonaa ngai a nih.

Chanchin Ṭha palihai a khawm inhemdena le inzawma Rom sipaihai in Isu Krista chungah an thilthaw 6 chieng taka ei hmu chu:

1.      Run thlâk taka nuizat siemna in an hmang.

     2.     Rom sipai savun hruihruola invuokna: Latin ṭawng chun ‘flagrum or flagellum’ an tih. A chelnaa inthawk savun hrui an suibâwk ṭeu a, ahmawra saru (animal bone-astragals) amanih thir inzum ankuoi (sharp iron hook) amanih suon (lead) inmum rik lal el an khitde hlak. Flavius Josephus (AD 37-100; Juda historian) in a hril dân chun, ‘hieng anga invuokna (Roman flagellatio) hi a nat dân chu a tuortuhai charin an hrietthiem’ a ti hiel. Isai 52:14 a, ‘a hmel chu mihriem hmêl nêk hmana suksietin a um a’ a ti kha a sukdik hlê.

       3.     Suksuoltu kraws inputtir.

       4.     ‘Iengleia hemde a ni am’ ti lekha ziek intâr.

       5.     Sipaihai in an thuomhnaw insem.

       6.     Kraws (thing kawkal) a an hemdena.

Rom sipai vuokna hruihruol (Roman scourge) a chungah ei ziek hmangin Isu kha (sipai ṭha in fit tak le hrattak thlangsuok rawi naw nihai am Elite Unit lai khan), a na thei ang takin hei vuo’ng an ta, savun hruihruol ahmawra saru amanih thir inzum khan a taksa pawtthlêrin amanih taksaa lût kha hei phidawk nâwk hlak an ta, a va na âwm de aw!! Thisen tamtak a suok ngei ding a nih. A hnungzâng inchip deu thawin um a ta, a taksa pum thisenin a tuom ngei ding a nih. A taksa hin hliemna nasatak a tuok ngei ding a na, a nat dân ding chu Juda historian Josephus hril khin a sukfie hlê.

      2.     Rom Sipaihai sawisakna le Nuiza Siemna (deusâwna)

             2.1.                     Rom Sipai inṭhe dân

Rom sipai hi a pâwl pâwla ṭhe anni hlak. ‘Roman Legion’ chu a lientak an ni a, sipai 5000-6000 an um hlak (ziektu ṭhenkhat chun Rom lalram-Roman Empire a khan Legion 28 um angin an ziek), Cohort (regiment) sâwm in an ṭhe a, chuonghai chu ‘Roman Cohort’ an tih, sipai 500-600 umna a ni hlak. Mi 100 in an ṭhe nâwka ‘Roman Centuries’ an tia, hi hi Sipai za hotu (centurion) in anrawi pei a nih. Bible a hin ‘Sipai za hotu’ ti hi ei hmu râwn hlê. Rom sipai ṭha (elite unit) an um nâwka, chuonghai chu ‘Praetorian Guard’ (laltak vengtu sipai pâwl) an nih. Roman Cohort ni tho si, sipai ṭha bîk (elite unit) an nih. Roman Cohort ang tho-in sipai 500-600 inkâr pei an um a, pâwl pakuo in an ṭhe a, pâwl pathum hai hi Rom khawpui daifemah an hmunpui ah an um a, hienghai hi ‘urban cohort’ anti hlak, pâwl paruk chu Rom thlafêm hmun pawimaw hrang hranga an um hlak, hienghai hi ‘watchmen cohort’ an tih. Isu sawisatu pâwl hi Praetorian Guard ngei ring an um. Chanchin ṭha zieka hai chun “sipai pâwl-cohort, Greek ṭawngin ‘speira’’ ti tawp a nih (ref. Mt.27:27; Mk. 15:16; Jn.18:3). Antonio Fortress hmunah vengtu pâwl an nih.

Antonio Fortress hi Herod Lien in Mark Anthony hrietzingna dinga a bâwl, sipai hmunpuia hmang a nih. Sipaihai hi a ṭha bîk/thlang bîk ‘Elite Unit’ an nih. Governor enkaitu, vengtu anni leiin buoirup huna khawm muongna inumtir thei ding khawp hiela sipai ṭhaa ngai an nih. Rom sipaia khan Judahai an ṭhang ngai meu naw leiin Jentail mi vawnga ngai an nih (Ṭhenkhat ruok chun ‘Jewish Soldiers in Roman Military’ tia suitu le ziektu an um tho). Antonio Fortress a sipai umhai hi ngaidân tlânglawn tak chu ‘Syria sipai (Syrian troops)’ nia ngai an nih, Syria mihai hin Aramaic ṭawng an hmang hlak leiin Jerusalem ah hin ṭawng thua harsatna annei nawh. Gethsemane huona mantuhai khawm kha hi sipai pâwlhai laia mi ngei ni ngei dinga ngai an nih. An man tak Isu Krista kha an hrietchieng naw hlê. An ngaidâna chun ‘Juda invêtchil pâwl’- ‘Zealot-Insurrectionist’ Judahai ‘ram rorêlna zalênna’ an hmuna dinga helhai anga ngaiin (Juda ṭhuoituhai khan hekna tinrêngin an heka, bukna na hei siema tling lovin an ngai hram hram a ni kha). Chuleiin, buoina suksuoktu satlie angin sipaihai khan an ngai ngei ring a um. Chuleiin, Rom lalram dodâltu, hêktu le buoina siemtua intumin, a muolpho thei ang tak, a na thei ang taka hrema, a rinum thei patawpa sukrimsi kha an tum hrim a nih. Mipui laia sukmuolpho kha an thiem zawng tak a ni a, nuizat siemna ding le midang inchuktirna (Rom lalrama an intuklut theina) dingin an sawi zêk ding hrim a nih.

               2.2.                     Rom Sipai kut tuorna, sawisakna le deusâwna

Rom sipaihai hin ‘an hrempa, an vuokpa le an suisak’ hi tutak am a ni a an hrietchieng naw hlê. Praetorium (sipai hmunpui) a hmunuom siemnain an hmanga, mipui hlak an khek uor uor a. Mt.27:27 le Mk.15:16 chun, “an pâwla mi po po an ko khâwma” ti hin an pâwla hin 500-600 vêl ding an na, an inko khâwm vawng tina a nih. Hieng elite unit hai hin Isu kha an sawisak ni ding a nih. Ṭhenkhatin chil an sâk khum a, a hmai an tuom a, an vuok a, man mihai khawm chun chel pumin an ben sawk sawk a (Mk.14:65) ti ei hmu.

Pilat hmaa an ṭhuoi hma khawmin vawi tam an ben-in, an vuok nawn zêk ta ring a um. A hmai sen ier in, an vûng ta ngei khawm ring a um. John MacArthur chun, “Isu kha Rom sipaihai in an savun hruihruola an vuok hma khawmin, an benna le a lua an vuokna leiin a hmai anvûng nasa ta hlê” a ti tawp.  Isu kha a thuomhnaw an hei hlîppêk a, puon dang an insiltir a (Mt. 27:28 chun ‘puon sen’ a ti; Lk. 23:11 chun, ‘puon ropuitak’ a ti; Mk.15:17 le Jn.19:2 chun, ‘puon senduk’ an tih). Deusawna thila an insiltir a nih. Hmusit taka ‘lal puon ropuitak senduk’ angin diriem le deusâw takin an insiltirna a nih.

Kaisar in hnena lukhum (laurel wreath) a khum hlaka, Isu ruok chu hling lukhuma siem Kaisar puopa, lal a insâl mei mei angin ‘hling lukhum’ an inkhumtir a nih. Jerusalem le a sevêla hling um ṭhenkhat hi inches 2 inkuoi deu nguoi inzum êm em (barbed quills) anni hlaka, sie narân el lovin an namlût deu pup ring a um. Ieng hling am an inkhumtir a? A Crucifixion: A Forensic Inquiry ziektu Doctor mithiem tak Frederick T. Zugibe chun, “Syrian Christ Thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi) am Christ thorn (paliuris spina-christi) ti hi hriet ân’taka, an pahni hin Buckthorn family ve ve anni a, feet 9-15 chena insanga ngir hlak, a hling ngeitak, sa deu tala inmum inki vur el an nih” a tih. Chun, ṭhenkhat chun ‘thorny acacia (acacia nilotica)’ khawm ni theiin an hril bawk. Iengpokhawm nisien, a hling tak hrietchieng anta naw khawmin hling naran mei mei a ni naw ding a nih. Dr. Frederick  chun, “hling lukhum lei hin lubuora hin ‘trigeminal neuralgia’ hi an tlun ngei ring a um, hieng ang ngirhmun hi mihriem na tuor laia a rinum tak a nih; mi tamtak ka lo enkawl taa, na anti taluo suknepna dingin damdawi a ṭangkai nawh” a tih. Lallukhum ei chang theina dingin hling lukhum a khum a nih.

A kut changtieng luong (reed) an inchawitir-a, mipui hmuhawia lal tehlem (saphai in ‘lampoon’ an tih), lal hrâtlo, ieng ni lo, thilthawtheina neilo in entirna in, nuizat siemna ding le hmusitna in an inchawitir a nih. Kaisar in ‘lal hmawl (sceptre)’ lung mantam-a siem ngat hunpui (festival) a hai a chawi hlak. Lal Ahasuer in lal rangkachak (golden sceptre) a chawi (Esther 5:2) kha lungrila ân’lang nghâl. A hmaah an dingṭhaṭhuon a, “Chibai, Judahai lal” tiin nuiza siemnain an hmanga, chil an sâk khum a, luong chu an lâkpêk a, a lua chun an vuok a (Mt.27:29-30). Johan zieka chun, ‘an ben a’ (Jn.19:3) ti a ni leiin, luonga lal tehlem inentirnaa an inchawitir hmanga vuok chau ni lovin kutin an ben bawk a nih.  An sawisak dan hrim hi a va na tlawk tlawk de! An sawisakpa, an deusâwpa hi ‘Lalhai Lal, Hotuhai Hotu’ a ni ti hrim an hriet naw a nih. A tak ngeiin David lalṭhungphaa thungin khawvêl hi ro a la rêl ding a nih, a kutah luong amanih lal hmawl amanih ni lovin ‘thir hmawlin ro a la rêl ding a nih’ (Thup.19:15; Ps.2:9).  Iengtik’am a ni chu a chungah an thaw angin ama in thawlêt veng a tih:

Vâna ṭhungpa chun a lunginsenin an kuomah thu hril a ta,

Lunginsen takin anni chu suklungzîng tâng a tih.

Keima ngeiin ka tlâng inthieng Ziona chun, Ka Lal siem chu kân thungtir tah a nih” a ti a. Ps.2:6

Isu Krista ruok chu nêksawr le sukrinumin a um lai khawm, in ngaitlâwm in a bau khawm a ka nawh; berâmte that dinga an ṭhuoi ang le berâm a hmul vawtu hmaa to zinga a um ang elin, a bau a ka nawh (Is.53:7). Mi hala a um laiin a hal ve thung naw a, a tuor laiin a vau naw a, feltaka ngaituo hlaktu kuoma chun ân pêk lem a nih (1Pet. 2:23).

                2.3.                    Inzakum takin (muolpho takin) Kalvar tlâng tieng an ṭhuoi

Nuiza siemnaa an hmang zoin, puon chu an hlîppêk a, ama puonhai chu an insiltir nâwk a; kraws a hemde dingin an ṭhuoi ta a (Mt.27:31). Ama (Isu) chun a hmaa hlimna um lei chun muolphona chu ngainêpin, kraws chu a tuor a (Heb.12:2). Kawtthlêra fepuiin mipuiin anzui sup sup a, thlîrtu mipui hmaa muolphona nasatak a tuokna dingin, kawtthler an fangpui a nih. Ama an hemdena thing ngei chu put in, puilting lientâwk hemdena thing kraws chu rik ngawt a tih (mithiemhai chun 200 pounds = 90.7 kg vêl ni dingin an hril). Praetorium a inthawk kalvari tlâng chen put ding chun a va rik deh!!! Isu’n ‘tukhawm mi zui a nuom chun mani inhnawlin, kraws putin mi zui raw se’ a ti kha Krista hnungzuituhai chun Kraws putin zui a ngai a nih. Thinga siem kraws ni ta lo, lunginsietna manto (Costly Grace) dâm, inpêkna pumhlûmna dâm, tuorna dâm, chânna dâm, inngaitlâwmna dâm, tamtak el put puma zui ding ei nih.

A chau ta hle leiin Kurini mi Simon (Marka chun ‘Alexander le Rufa pa’ a ti kher) chu Isu kraws puttu dingin an man a. Zânah a thlan thisen anga far hiel in, lungngai takin a ṭawngṭaia, imu hmu der lovin man in a um a, hekna leiin hmun dang danga ṭhuoi kawlângin a um a, an vuok a, an ben a, an sawisak a, deusâwna chi tinrêngin an diriem a, Romhai savun hruihruola vuok hrepin thisen tamtak suok hnung, Kalvari tlâng tieng Kraws rik tak put chu a namên naw hlê ding a nih. Golgotha (Luru Hmun) a chun hemde dingin an ṭhuoi ta a nih.

             2.4.                   Ṭawngsie/Ansie an inphur

Juda lungrila chun thinga hemde chu ânsie/vânnisal a ni ti chiengtakin an hrietchieng. Mosie dân Deut.21:22-23 an hriet êm êm, ‘chun, miin thina khawp suol a thaw a, sukhlum a ni a, thing lêra in khai chun, a ruong chu thinga chun zân khawvârin a um ding a ni naw a, chu ni le le chun in phum ding a nih; thinga khai taphawt chu Pathien ṭawngsiephur an ni sih a…” Num.15:35a chun ‘ṭawngsiephur sukhlum dinghai chu kul kawtkhar/riebûk puotieng an ṭhuoi ngei ding a nih’ ti a ni bawk. Hi tak hi Heb.13:12a, “Chuongchun, Isu khawmin ama thisen ngeia mihai a sukthieng theina dingin, kul kawtkhâr puotieng chun a lo tuor ta a” ti a nih.

Romhai ruok chun misuol/thiemnaw chang chu muolpho taka, na taka hrema, mipui enkhi/inchuktirna dingin vântlang hmuhawia thaw an nuom hlak. Jerusalem kul kawtkhar hmartienga um Kalvari (Calvaria-Latin ṭawnga lâksuok) amanih Golgotha (Aramic ṭawng Luru hmun) a chun an hemde ta a nih.

              2.5.                     A Silfên An Insem

Kraws a hemdea umhai hi a muolpho thei dân taka hemde an ni hlak leiin an silfên khawm hlîp in saruokin an hemde hlak. Lunginsietna ṭhang der lova hmusit tak le deusâw taka sukmuolpho an ni hlak. Hebrai ziektu in Krista chu, ‘muolphona chu ngainêpin, kraws chu a tuor a’ (Heb.12:2b) ti khan a sukchieng hlê. Matthai chun, ‘ṭhum vâwrin a silfênhai chu an insem a’ a tih (Mt.27:35). Ps.22:18 a, ‘ka silfênhai an insem a, ka zakuo dingin ṭhum an vâwr a’ ti kha a tlung indik ta a nih. Isu kha Kalvari tlâng chena khan Rom sipai pali (a quaternion) in anzui pei ni ding a nih. Isu hun lai khan pasal thuomhnaw kha a tlângpuiin panga (5) a ni hlak-keikhir (sandal), inkhumna ṭhuilo zakuo (robe like garment), lukâwmna (headpiece), kâwnghren (belt), le zakuo kawrfuol (tunic) an nih. Pakhat seng an insem hnungin pakhat a la chuong leia ṭhum an vawr ni takin anlang. Jn.19:23a hin a chieng thawkhat hlê, ‘a silfênhai an lâk a, phêk liin an siem a, sipaihaiin pakhat an chang seng a; a zakuo an lâk bawk a. Zakuo chu ṭhuilo zakuo a na, a rînga inthawka a puma khâwng vawng a nih’. Kawrfuol (tunic) tak hi khâwng (woven) a ni hlak leiin a hlu tak a nih, hi tak hi ṭhum an vâwr niin ân’lang. Ei Lalpa Isu Krista kha a silfên chen insemsawm in a um a nih.

               2.6.                     Na Tuor le Rinum takin ei Lalpa an Hemde

Kalvari tlânga chun an hemde ta a (Mt.27:35). Kraws-a in hemdena chu Romhai nunrâwng zie, ṭium tak a ni zie leh an thupêk zâwmnawtu, buoina siemtu le hel hmanghai (rioters and insurrectionists) hai hremna nat zie suklangna a nih. An hemdena ‘thir’ hi ‘inzui sei deu rung (tapered iron spikes)’, rail lampuia a kilna dinga an hmang hlak (railroad spikes) ang deua um, hi nêka inzum lem ni ngei dinga ring a nih. Kutah thir hmanga kilna hin a taksa riktak a khai ding a ni leiin, na takin a tur vut vut ding a nih. A ke tieng kil bawkin, kraws chu a ngirna khurah an hei inngir bur el ta a, a taksa rikna chu a kut pahniin a khaia, a ke tieng mawr thlain, a rikna in a pawtthla ṭuk ding a nih. Chuleiin, ru inchuktuonahai an inpelsawl nasa hlê hlak. Ps.22:14a, ‘tui anga bunthlâkin ka um a, ka ru po po khawm inpelsawlin a um a’ ti kha ei Lalpa chungah a tlung indik a nih. Kraws a in hemdena nat dân chu Romhai hin an hrietchieng hlê. Hemdea umhai nikhuo hre zinga, na tuor hi an ngirhmun a ni tak. Hemdea umhai chu luoksuok dâm, khawsik dâm, dangchar hum hum dâm, tha intawmna le ngawina, taksa pumpui na tuor leia inrûmna, imu hmu lo, phîngṭam le tui tlâksam in an um a, ei Lalpa ngeiin ‘ka dang a char ie’ a ti rawng rawng el a ni kha. Thi el lova Kraws-a khaikânga umhai an nâ tuorna tak el hi a nih ‘inhremna na tak’ ti a nina chuh. Hun a hung sâwt met a, inthuokna hamdâ (Diaphragmatic breathing) a sukharsa ṭan a, inthuok harsatna (suffocation) an nei a, abîkin thuok kîr (exhale) dingin an ke tieng anthawk tha pein, a hamdâ-in boruok inthla suok theina ding an zawng ta hlak a nih. Sienkhawm, taksa in a tuor nasa ta leiin thaw thei dingin hrâtna an nei ta ngai nawh. A tâwpa, boruok ṭha taksa in a mamaw tâwk hmu lo le inthuok dawk zo ta lovin rinum tak leh harsa takin an thipui ta hlak a nih. (Dr. Truman Davis, The Cricifixion of Jesus: The Passion of Christ from a Medical Point of View). Hemdea um ṭhenkhat an thi el naw leiin Rom sipaihai hin ‘crucifracture’ khup hnuoi tieng an suktliek hlaka, taksa dawmkang thei ta lovin thuok insamin an thi deu nghâl hlak. Hi tak hi Judahaiin Pilat kuomah an ngên a ni (Jn.19:31). Mi dang kehai an suktlieka, Isu kuomah an hung a, a thi ta zing ti an hriet leiin a kehai an suktliek ve ta naw a nih (Jn.19:33). Ps.34:20a, ‘a ru po po a vawng ṭha a, pakhat khawm suktliek a ni nawh’ ti a hung indik a, ‘Inthawina beram ru chu an suktliek ding a ni naw’ ti a Ex.12:46; Num. 9:12 hrila um angin Pathien berâmte khawvêl suol fepuitu Isu ru chu suktliek a ni ve naw a nih.

Tlipna

Tuolthatna lai po poa ‘Golgotha hmunah Tuolthatna râpthlak’ ang a la um ngai naw a, um ta ngai bawk naw nih. Eden natna leia mi po po mi fangsuokna hi an thûk em leiin Kalvari damdawiin (Kalvari Hospital) hi a lo turu/ropui/anril hlê a nih. Kalvari dawmdawi inah damna (chatuon hringna) ei changna hi a nêp naw hlê ti ei hriet zing nuom a um. Golgotha-a Isu tuorna po po-an deusâwna, an sawisakna, a muolphona, a tuorna râpthlak tak hi ei a hmufie ngai naw leiin, a hnungzuina kawnga hin ei buoi rawp hlak a nih.

Jürgen Moltmann chun, ‘Kristienna hi Krista hemdenaa innghat a ni, Kraws chu iengkim infiena (test) a nih…Krista hemdea um ngei hin zalênna an tluna, thina hrim ṭi lovin khawvêl a thlâkdanglam. Kohran le Pathien Thu suina kawnga hin Krista Hemdea um ngei hi ei tinzawn ding a ni, hi Kraws hin khawvêl mihriemhai ta dingin ‘iem antluna’ ti hi hre zingin ei suklang pei ding a nih’ a tih.  Dietrict Bonhoeffer chun, ‘Kristain mi a kohai chu hung la thi chenin mi zui rawh a ti hlak’ a tih.

Tukhâwmin mi zui a nuom chun, mani inhnâwlin, a kraws putin (‘ni tin’ ref. Lk.9:23), mi zui raw se.

 Lekhabu Râwnhai

Davis, Dr. Truman Davis., The Cricifixion of Jesus: The Passion of Christ from a Medical Point of View. Arizona Medicien, Vol. 22 No.3 (March 1965), 183-87.

MacArthur, John.The Murder of Jesus: A Study of how Jesus Died. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2004.

Moltmann, JürgenJurgen Moltmann. The Crucified God, 40^th Edition. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2015.

Rutledge, Fleming Rutledge., The Crucifixion: Understanding the Death of Jesus Christ. Grand Rapids: William B. Eermans, 2015.

Smith, Mark D Smith., The Final Days of Jesus: The Thrill of Defeat, The Agony of Victory. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press, 2018.

Zugibe, Frederick T. Zugibe, The Crucifixion of Jesus: A Forensic Inquiry. New York: M. Evans and Comanpany Inc, 2005.